perf(backend): cache YouTube searches and shrink the thumbnail URLs

Repeated searches and song lookups now reuse a single-flight memory cache, so
concurrent or debounced queries hit YouTube once instead of on every keystroke.
Thumbnails are resolved at a configurable size instead of the largest variant,
which cuts the image payload the browser pulls from Google.

backend/Musify.Api/AppSettings.json

@@ -51,7 +51,10 @@
     "YouTube": {
         "GeographicalLocation": "US",
         "StreamUrlCacheSeconds": 1800,
-        "SearchContinuationCacheSeconds": 600
+        "SearchContinuationCacheSeconds": 600,
+        "SearchResultsCacheSeconds": 900,
+        "SongInfoCacheSeconds": 86400,
+        "ThumbnailSize": 240
     },
     "PlayList": {
         "Routes": {

backend/Musify.Infrastructure/Configuration/YouTubeConfiguration.cs

@@ -14,5 +14,14 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Configuration
 
         [Range(60, 3600)]
         public int SearchContinuationCacheSeconds { get; set; } = 600;
+
+        [Range(0, 86400)]
+        public int SearchResultsCacheSeconds { get; set; } = 900;
+
+        [Range(0, 604800)]
+        public int SongInfoCacheSeconds { get; set; } = 86400;
+
+        [Range(32, 720)]
+        public int ThumbnailSize { get; set; } = 240;
     }
 }

backend/Musify.Infrastructure/Services/SingleFlightCache.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+using System.Collections.Concurrent;
+using ErrorOr;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Memory;
+
+namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
+{
+    public sealed class SingleFlightCache(IMemoryCache cache)
+    {
+        private readonly ConcurrentDictionary<string, object> inFlight = new();
+
+        public async Task<ErrorOr<TValue>> GetOrCreateAsync<TValue>(
+            string key,
+            TimeSpan duration,
+            Func<Task<ErrorOr<TValue>>> factory)
+        {
+            if (duration <= TimeSpan.Zero)
+                return await factory();
+
+            if (cache.TryGetValue(key, out TValue? cached) && cached is not null)
+                return cached;
+
+            var pending = (Lazy<Task<ErrorOr<TValue>>>)inFlight.GetOrAdd(
+                key,
+                _ => new Lazy<Task<ErrorOr<TValue>>>(factory));
+
+            try
+            {
+                var result = await pending.Value;
+
+                if (!result.IsError)
+                    cache.Set(key, result.Value, duration);
+
+                return result;
+            }
+            finally
+            {
+                inFlight.TryRemove(key, out _);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

backend/Musify.Infrastructure/Services/YouTubeMusicService.cs

@@ -13,10 +13,22 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
     public class YouTubeMusicService(YouTubeConfiguration configuration, IMemoryCache cache, ILogger<YouTubeMusicService> logger) : IYouTubeMusicService
     {
         private readonly YouTubeMusicClient client = new(geographicalLocation: configuration.GeographicalLocation);
+        private readonly SingleFlightCache singleFlight = new(cache);
 
         private sealed record CachedStreamInfo(string Url, DateTime ExpiresAtUtc);
 
         public async Task<ErrorOr<YouTubeSearchResult>> SearchSongsAsync(string query, string continuationToken, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(continuationToken))
+                return await FetchSearchPageAsync(query, continuationToken, cancellationToken);
+
+            return await singleFlight.GetOrCreateAsync(
+                SearchResultsCacheKey(query),
+                TimeSpan.FromSeconds(configuration.SearchResultsCacheSeconds),
+                () => FetchSearchPageAsync(query, continuationToken, cancellationToken));
+        }
+
+        private async Task<ErrorOr<YouTubeSearchResult>> FetchSearchPageAsync(string query, string continuationToken, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             PaginatedAsyncEnumerable<SearchResult>? paginator;
             if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(continuationToken))
@@ -47,10 +59,7 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
                     string.Join(", ", song.Artists.Select(artist => artist.Name)),
                     song.Album?.Name ?? string.Empty,
                     (int)song.Duration.TotalSeconds,
-                    song.Thumbnails
-                        .OrderByDescending(thumbnail => thumbnail.Width)
-                        .Select(thumbnail => thumbnail.Url)
-                        .FirstOrDefault() ?? string.Empty,
+                    PickThumbnail(song.Thumbnails),
                     song.IsExplicit,
                     song.Artists
                         .Select(artist => new YouTubeArtistRef(
@@ -117,6 +126,14 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
         }
 
         public async Task<ErrorOr<YouTubeSongResult>> GetSongAsync(string videoId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
+        {
+            return await singleFlight.GetOrCreateAsync(
+                SongInfoCacheKey(videoId),
+                TimeSpan.FromSeconds(configuration.SongInfoCacheSeconds),
+                () => FetchSongAsync(videoId, cancellationToken));
+        }
+
+        private async Task<ErrorOr<YouTubeSongResult>> FetchSongAsync(string videoId, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
         {
             try
             {
@@ -128,10 +145,7 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
                     string.Join(", ", info.Artists.Select(artist => artist.Name)),
                     string.Empty,
                     (int)info.Duration.TotalSeconds,
-                    info.Thumbnails
-                        .OrderByDescending(thumbnail => thumbnail.Width)
-                        .Select(thumbnail => thumbnail.Url)
-                        .FirstOrDefault() ?? string.Empty,
+                    PickThumbnail(info.Thumbnails),
                     info.IsExplicit,
                     info.Artists
                         .Select(artist => new YouTubeArtistRef(
@@ -146,8 +160,24 @@ namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
             }
         }
 
+        private string PickThumbnail(IEnumerable<YouTubeMusicAPI.Models.Thumbnail> thumbnails)
+        {
+            var ordered = thumbnails.OrderBy(thumbnail => thumbnail.Width).ToList();
+
+            var chosen = ordered.FirstOrDefault(thumbnail => thumbnail.Width >= configuration.ThumbnailSize)
+                ?? ordered.LastOrDefault();
+
+            return chosen is null
+                ? string.Empty
+                : YouTubeThumbnail.WithSize(chosen.Url, configuration.ThumbnailSize);
+        }
+
         private static string SearchCacheKey(string token) => $"yt-search:{token}";
 
+        private static string SearchResultsCacheKey(string query) => $"yt-search-results:{query.Trim().ToLowerInvariant()}";
+
+        private static string SongInfoCacheKey(string videoId) => $"yt-song:{videoId}";
+
         private static string StreamCacheKey(string videoId) => $"yt-stream:{videoId}";
     }
 }

backend/Musify.Infrastructure/Services/YouTubeThumbnail.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+namespace Musify.Infrastructure.Services
+{
+    public static class YouTubeThumbnail
+    {
+        public static string WithSize(string url, int size)
+        {
+            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(url))
+                return string.Empty;
+
+            if (url.Contains("googleusercontent.com", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                return ResizeGoogleUserContent(url, size);
+
+            if (url.Contains("ytimg.com", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+                return ResizeYtImg(url, size);
+
+            return url;
+        }
+
+        private static string ResizeGoogleUserContent(string url, int size)
+        {
+            var separator = url.LastIndexOf('=');
+            var baseUrl = separator > 0 && IsSizeSuffix(url.AsSpan(separator + 1))
+                ? url[..separator]
+                : url;
+
+            return $"{baseUrl}=w{size}-h{size}-l90-rj";
+        }
+
+        private static string ResizeYtImg(string url, int size)
+        {
+            var queryStart = url.IndexOf('?');
+            var path = queryStart >= 0 ? url[..queryStart] : url;
+
+            var lastSlash = path.LastIndexOf('/');
+            if (lastSlash < 0)
+                return path;
+
+            return $"{path[..lastSlash]}/{YtImgFileName(size)}";
+        }
+
+        private static string YtImgFileName(int size) => size switch
+        {
+            <= 120 => "default.jpg",
+            <= 320 => "mqdefault.jpg",
+            <= 480 => "hqdefault.jpg",
+            _ => "maxresdefault.jpg"
+        };
+
+        private static bool IsSizeSuffix(ReadOnlySpan<char> suffix) =>
+            suffix.Length > 1 && (suffix[0] is 'w' or 's' or 'h') && char.IsDigit(suffix[1]);
+    }
+}